Biologic psoriasis treatments are created from living cells developed in a laboratory, rather than chemical or synthetic means. This type of medication has been used for almost a century however, recent technological advancements in molecular biology have brought their usage to the forefront of the medical community.
These drugs are developed to block specific portions of the immune system, rather than impacting the overall immune system, like systemic options. The processes used to create these types of medications involve combining DNA sequences that do not occur naturally. Composition can vary, from proteins, sugars and nucleic acids to cells and tissues.
There are three types of biologics, each developed to treat a variety of medical conditions that have no other treatment regimens. One type is almost identical to naturally occurring signaling proteins. It accelerates blood protein production or growth hormones, depending on its specific properties. The second type, used primarily in rheumatology and oncology, aids the production of antibodies and helps link them in patients who have a natural deficiency, bolstering the body’s immune system. The third type is similar to the antibodies that fight off illness, but are targeted to block specific cell production. It is this type of medication that is used to treat psoriasis.
Psoriasis is an immune disorder, where skins cells are produced at an accelerated rate. Normally, human skin cells mature and shed approximately every 28 days. In a person with psoriasis, this growth cycle may take only three to six days. As there is no cure for the condition, the goal is to reduce the severity of the symptom and to prevent acute flare-ups. Biologics are used to block the abnormal T cell activity in the dermis. This has been found as a primary cause of the condition. Normal activity helps rid the body of fungi, viruses and bacteria.
In psoriasis sufferers, T cells attack the skin in the same manner it would a virus. This leads to skin inflammation and lesions. When T cells activity has been successfully blocked, skin inflammation is reduced. There are several types of psoriasis, from the commonly diagnosed plaque psoriasis to the rare form of erythrodermic psoriasis. Biologics are used to treat only the most severe cases, or cases in which the body has become resistant to more traditional treatments. This type of treatment carries with it higher risks than other treatments. Before beginning this process, doctors and their patients must weigh the risk with the benefits.
